Everything about Nickelodeon Movie Theater totally explained
» For the Nickelodeon Theatre in Columbia, SC, see the page on the Columbia Film Society.
The
Nickelodeon (
AE:
nickel = 5¢-coin,
Greek:
Odeion = roofed over theatre) was an early
20th century form of small, neighborhood
movie theaters. Nickelodeons in competitive markets had a
piano or
organ, playing whatever music the pianist or organist knew that seemed appropriate to a scene (for example
classic ragtime for a chase sequence, or what was called at the time "
Eliza-crossing-the-ice" music during the scary moments).
The name "Nickelodeon" was coined by Harry Davis and John P. Harris, who opened their small, storefront theatre with that name on Smithfield Street in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in
June 1905. Though theirs wasn't the first theatre in the world to specialize in presenting movies, Davis and Harris found such great success with their operation that their concept of a five cent theatre running movies continuously was soon imitated by hundreds of ambitious entrepreneurs, as was the name of the theatre itself.
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Louis B. Mayer came of age just as the popularity of the nickelodeon was beginning to rise; he renovated the "Gem Theater" in
Haverhill, Massachusetts, converting it into a nickelodeon he opened in 1907 as the "Orpheum Theater", and announced that it would be "the home of refined entertainment devoted to
Miles Brothers moving pictures and illustrated songs"
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Nickelodeons declined as cities grew and industry consolidation led to larger, more comfortable, and better-appointed movie theaters.
Types of "moving pictures"
Nickelodeons would show films which were typically fifteen to twenty minutes in length, and in a variety of styles and subjects, such as short narratives, "scenics" (views of the world from moving trains), "actualities" (precursors of later
documentary films), illustrated song slides, local or touring song and dance acts,
comedies,
melodramas,
problem plays,
stop action sequences, sporting events (for example the 1897
Corbett-
Fitzsimmons championship fight or the 1899
Jeffries -
Sharkey fight) and other features which allowed them to compete with
vaudeville houses.
The titles of a few of the films released in
1907 and distributed to nickelodeons by the Miles Brothers (Herbert and Harry) partially illustrate this diversity.
Other 1907 films also distributed to nickelodeons by the Miles Brothers:
Anarchist's Mother-in-Law
Boss Away, Choppers Play
Cambridge-Oxford Race
Cheekiest Man on Earth
Female Wrestlers
Great Lion Hunt
Indian Basket Weavers
International Contest for the Heavyweight Championship: Squires vs. Burns
Jim Jeffries on His California Ranch
Life and Customs in India
The Naval Nursery
The Petticoat Regiment
Shriners' Conclave at Los Angeles
Squires, Australian Champion, in His Training Quarters
That Awful Tooth
The White Slave
A Woman's Duel
Decline
Through strong through the period between 1905 and 1915, Nickelodeon theaters would also face their downfall upon the wake of feature films, starting with
The Birth of A Nation, in 1915
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). During this wake, box office attendance grew greatly and as a result, ticket prices expanded from five cents to ten cents
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).
Further Information
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